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Musa Hilal is a Sudanese Arab tribal chief and militia leader and adviser to the Sudanese minister of internal affairs.〔("'Janjaweed leader' is Sudan aide" ), ''BBC News'', 20 January 2008〕 He was born in 1961.〔http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article25660 "PROFILE: Musa Hilal from a convicted felon to a government official" Sunday Tribune 22 January 2008〕 His Um Jalul clan〔http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/features/darfur/fiveyearson/report4.html〕 exercised tribal leadership of the Arab Mahameed tribe in Darfur.〔 The Mahamid are part of a larger confederation of camel-herding (Abbala) tribes of the Northern Rizeigat.〔 http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/fileadmin/docs/working-papers/HSBA-WP-22-The-Other-War-Inter-Arab-Conflict-in-Darfur.pdf〕 Hilal is the leader of the Janjaweed militia, which was responsible for a massive military campaign against civilians in Darfur in 2003, as part of a counterinsurgency effort against Darfur rebel groups. On 21 January 2008, the Federal Government of Sudan announced the nomination of Musa Hilal as the chief advisor of the Ministry of Federal Affairs in Sudan. This position allows Mr. Hilal to coordinate with regional leaders surrounding Darfur, as well as with Arab tribal groups, on the relations of the military regime.〔http://www.sudanreeves.org/Article202.html Musa Hilal: “Minister of Offense,” The New Republic Feb 1, 2008〕 This political position further permits the military leader power over decisions made in Khartoum pertaining the recruitment of Janjaweed militias.〔 In January 2014 Hilal defected from Sudan's ruling National Congress Party, and launched a new movement known as the Sudanese Awakening Revolutionary Council.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Janjaweed leader defects from NCP, establishes new political movement )〕 As of late March 2014 Hilal was running his own administration in North Darfur, with his troops controlling Saraf Umra town, Kutum town, Kabkabiya town, and the El Waha area.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Musa Hilal 'establishes administration' in North Darfur )〕 ==Janjaweed== Hilal has acknowledged his role in the recruitment of Janjaweed militias, although he consistently denies that he is part of the military chain of command of the Janjaweed. He claims to be merely an influential sheikh in the area. In his own words: "''It is a lie. Janjaweed is a thief. A criminal. I am a tribal leader, with men and women and children who follow me. How can they all be thieves and bandits? It is not possible''."〔("Over Tea, Sheik Denies Stirring Darfur's Torment" New York Times, June 12, 2006 )〕 He also reported in an interview by Human Rights Watch on 27 September 2004: "... ''I am not a criminal. Thank God I’m not afraid. I’ve never had any fear. If there’s a concrete complaint and an investigation is opened against me, I can go to court -- nobody is above the law -- but not because of allegations made by Ali al Haj and Khalil Ibrahim, who are rebel leaders, who make up dark information and give to the UN, and they put my name on the list. That’s not right''."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Video Transcript: Exclusive Video Interview with Alleged Janjaweed Leader - Human Rights Watch )〕 Hilal also claims that actions by the Janjaweed are organized and directed from the federal government in Khartoum under Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir. In a video interview with Human Rights Watch, Musa Hilal stated that the attacks by the militia were directly ordered by the Sudanese government, and noted that “all of the people in the field are led by top army commanders…These people get their orders from the Western command center, and from Khartoum.”〔http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2005/03/01/darfur-militia-leader-implicates-khartoum "Darfur: Militia Leader Implicates Khartoum" March 1, 2006〕 According to noted Sudan scholar Alex de Waal, "''Mr. Hilal's claim that he has no control over any militia does not bear scrutiny... He is at the center of all of this.''"〔("Over Tea, Sheik Denies Stirring Darfur's Torment," The New York Times, June 12, 2006 )〕 In letters to government officials and other tribal leaders, Sheikh Musa Hilal has repeatedly said his fighters are engaged in a jihad, or holy war, and will not disarm even if the government demands it. "''We will not retreat''," he wrote in one such letter in 2004 to the leaders in Khartoum, "''we continue on the road of jihad''."〔 Trying to disarm his men, he wrote, would be "cowardly," and impossible to enforce.〔 Another communique from Sheikh Hilal's headquarters in 2004, obtained by de Waal, demanded the militias to "change the demography of Darfur and empty it of African tribes."〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Musa Hilal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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